Managed Code

 In C#, managed code refers to the code that is executed within the context of the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which is a component of the .NET framework. Managed code is compiled into an intermediate language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) or Common Intermediate Language (CIL), rather than native machine code.

The CLR provides various services to managed code, including memory management (automatic garbage collection), type safety, exception handling, security enforcement, and interoperability with other languages. When a C# program is executed, the CLR loads the MSIL and compiles it into native machine code, which can be executed by the underlying hardware.

Managed code runs in a managed environment where the CLR manages the execution of the program, ensuring memory safety, resource management, and other runtime services. This managed execution environment provides benefits such as automatic memory management (garbage collection) to handle memory allocation and deallocation, which helps to prevent memory leaks and other memory-related errors.

By contrast, unmanaged code refers to code that is executed directly by the operating system without the services of a runtime environment like the CLR. Unmanaged code typically includes programming languages like C or C++ where developers have direct control over memory allocation and deallocation.

In summary, managed code in C# refers to the code that is executed within the Common Language Runtime (CLR) environment, providing various runtime services such as memory management and type safety.